Kinetic and potential energy of electron present in second

\( \newcommand\) No headers When we turn our attention from the potential energy of charged macroscopic particles which have a definite location in space to microscopic particles like the electron, we immediately encounter a difficulty. The electron in an atom is not a fixed distance from the nucleus but is “smeared out” in space in a wave pattern over a large range of distances. Nevertheless it is still meaningful to talk about the potential energy of such an electron cloud. Consider the 1 s electron illustrated by the dot-density diagram in In practice we can often decide which of two electron clouds has the higher potential energy by looking at them. In s orbital is lower than that of a 2 s electron. An electron in a 1 s orbital is almost always closer than 200 pm to the nucleus, while in a 2 s orbital it is usually farther away. In the same way we have no difficulty in estimating that a 3 s electron is on average farther from the nucleus and hence higher in potential energy than a 2 s electron. It is also easy to see that electron clouds which differ only in their orientation in space must have the same potential energy. An example would be the 2p x, 2p y, and 2p z clouds. When we compare orbitals with different basic shapes, mere inspection of the dot-density diagrams is often insufficient to tell us about the relative potential energies. It is not apparent from s or 2 p orbital has the higher potential energy. Actually both have the same energy in a hydrogen atom, th...

It is a fundamental law of physics that the total energy in a closed system is conserved. This is referred to as ​ the law of conservation of energy​. That is, while energy may change form or transfer from one object to another, the total amount will always remain constant in a system that is perfectly isolated from its surroundings. Mechanical energy can be converted into thermal and other types of energy when friction is present, and it can be difficult to get any thermal energy to turn back into mechanical energy (and impossible to get it to do so entirely.) This is why mechanical energy is often talked about as a separate conserved quantity, but, again, it is only conserved when there is no friction. Potential energy is energy due to an object or particle’s position or arrangement. It is sometimes described as stored energy, but this is not entirely accurate as kinetic energy can also be thought of as stored energy because it is still contained within the object that is moving. The main types of potential energy are: ​ Elastic potential energy​, which is energy in the form of deformation of an object such as a spring. When you compress or stretch a spring beyond its equilibrium (resting) position, it will have elastic potential energy. When this spring is released, this elastic potential energy will transform into kinetic energy. In the case of a mass suspended from a spring that is then stretched and released, the mass will oscillate up and down as elastic potential e...