Lobes of brain

The occipital lobe is the part of the brain responsible for interpreting information from the eyes and turning it into the world as a person sees it. It helps determine distance, depth, color, and other aspect of vision. The occipital lobe has four different sections, each of which is responsible for different visual functions. Disorder in the occipital lobe may cause disorder in the vision or the brain itself. There may also be a link between the occipital lobe and conditions such as Read on to learn more about the occipital lobe, including its specific functions. The occipital lobe is There are actually two occipital lobes — one on each hemisphere of the brain. The central cerebral fissure divides and separates the lobes. The occipital lobes are located on the The surface of the occipital lobe is a series of folds, including ridges called gyri and depressions called sulci. Because there is no ordered structure to the occipital lobe, scientists use these sulci and gyri to identify the area of the lobe. Apart from these, there are no structural distinctions in the lobes. Scientists separate the lobes further based on basic function. The occipital lobe itself contains different sections, or areas, and each of these has a different set of functions. These include: • the lateral geniculate bodies • the lingula • the primary visual cortex, • the secondary visual cortex, • the dorsomedial stream In general, the occipital lobe deals with aspects of vision, including: • distance ...

Your occipital lobe, the smallest and rear-most of the lobes, is the visual processing hub of your brain. This area processes visual signals and works cooperatively with many other brain areas. It plays a crucial role in language and reading, storing memories, recognizing familiar places and faces, and much more. Function What does the occipital lobe do? The pupils of your eyes are like windows, allowing light from the world in front of them to enter your eye. Inside, at the back of each eye, is a patch of incredibly sophisticated cells known as the The coded messages travel along your toward your brain and then travel within your brain optic tracts. Along the optic tracts, areas of your brain, like the That job happens in two specific areas in your occipital lobe: the primary visual cortex and the secondary visual cortex. The term “cortex” comes from the Latin word for “tree bark,” and it describes the Everything your eyes can do falls under the term “vision,” but that actually involves several different processes and capabilities. Those include: • Spatial (pronounced “spay-shul”) processing: This is your brain’s decoding of signals from your retinas. It’s how you see the shapes, textures and other details of the objects in the world around you. • Color processing: This helps you see and tell the difference between colors and all the different shades of them (unless your eyes can’t see certain colors, such as with certain types of • Distance and depth perception: This is ...

Brain tumor A brain tumor can form in the brain cells (as shown), or it can begin elsewhere and spread to the brain. As the tumor grows, it creates pressure on and changes the function of surrounding brain tissue, which causes signs and symptoms such as headaches, nausea and balance problems. A brain tumor is a growth of cells in the brain or near it. Brain tumors can happen in the brain tissue. Brain tumors also can happen near the brain tissue. Nearby locations include nerves, the pituitary gland, the pineal gland, and the membranes that cover the surface of the brain. Brain tumors can begin in the brain. These are called primary brain tumors. Sometimes, cancer spreads to the brain from other parts of the body. These tumors are secondary brain tumors, also called metastatic brain tumors. Many different types of primary brain tumors exist. Some brain tumors aren't cancerous. These are called noncancerous brain tumors or benign brain tumors. Noncancerous brain tumors may grow over time and press on the brain tissue. Other brain tumors are brain cancers, also called malignant brain tumors. Brain cancers may grow quickly. The cancer cells can invade and destroy the brain tissue. Brain tumors range in size from very small to very large. Some brain tumors are found when they are very small because they cause symptoms that you notice right away. Other brain tumors grow very large before they're found. Some parts of the brain are less active than others. If a brain tumor starts ...

This region of the brain was named after the eminent French physician Paul Broca who first discovered its significance in the mid-19th century. Broca was interested in brain lateralization, which suggested that certain functions were associated with specific brain regions. Broca observed that people with damage to this area of the brain experienced deficits in speech production. Broca's area is found in the brain's inferior frontal gyrus, which makes up part of the frontal lobe. In most people, Broca's area is in Functions of Broca’s Area While researchers know that Broca's area plays a role in language production, its precise role is not yet fully understood. It may play a part in various functions, including syntax, grammar, verbal working memory, or the muscle movements needed for speech. Speech Production Broca's area is essential in speech production. This area of the brain acts as a command center, orchestrating the complex muscle movements necessary for articulating spoken words. To form words and sentences, Broca's area must relay signals to coordinate the muscles of the lips, tongue, and throat. While Broca's area is important for language production and comprehension, it is important to remember that the ability to speak and understand language is part of a complex and dynamic network. Other parts of the brain play a role, and the full function of language and communication also involves language regions of the brain interacting with other brain networks. One stu...

The brain directs our body’s internal functions. It also integrates sensory impulses and information to form perceptions, thoughts, and memories. The brain gives us self-awareness and the ability to speak and move in the world. Its four major regions make this possible: The cerebrum, with its cerebral cortex, gives us conscious control of our actions. The diencephalon mediates sensations, manages emotions, and commands whole internal systems. The cerebellum adjusts body movements, speech coordination, and balance, while the brain stem relays signals from the spinal cord and directs basic internal functions and reflexes. 1. The Seat of Consciousness: High Intellectual Functions Occur in the Cerebrum The cerebrum is the largest brain structure and part of the forebrain (or prosencephalon). Its prominent outer portion, the cerebral cortex, not only processes sensory and motor information but enables consciousness, our ability to consider ourselves and the outside world. It is what most people think of when they hear the term “grey matter.” The cortex tissue consists mainly of neuron cell bodies, and its folds and fissures (known as gyri and sulci) give the cerebrum its trademark rumpled surface. The cerebral cortex has a left and a right hemisphere. Each hemisphere can be divided into four lobes: the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe. The lobes are functional segments. They specialize in various areas of thought and memory, of planning and decisio...

The brain connects to the spine and is part of the central nervous system (CNS). The various parts of the brain are responsible for personality, movement, breathing, and other crucial processes that keep people alive. An average adult brain weighs The brain is made up of three main parts, which are the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. Each of these has a unique function and is made up of several parts as well. Keep reading to learn more about the different parts of the brain, the processes they control, and how they all work together. This article also looks at some ways of maintaining a healthy brain. Share on Pinterest Andriy Onufriyenko/Getty Images The brain is the command center that controls the nervous system. When people damage different parts of the brain, they A traumatic brain injury or stroke are Doctors will carry out many tests before reaching a diagnosis of brain death. Brain death is a traumatic experience for everyone involved. It can be particularly difficult to come to terms with the diagnosis, especially if a person can see their loved one breathing and showing signs of life. The brain is composed of The brain sends chemical and electrical signals throughout the body to regulate different biological functions and sense environmental changes. The brain communicates with the majority of the body through the spinal cord. To do this, it uses The cerebrum is the front part of the brain and includes the cerebral cortex. This part of the brain is responsi...

Learning Objectives • Identify the location and function of the lobes of the brain Forebrain Structures The two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex are part of the forebrain (Figure 1), which is the largest part of the brain. The forebrain contains the cerebral cortex and a number of other structures that lie beneath the cortex (called subcortical structures): thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the limbic system (collection of structures). The cerebral cortex, which is the outer surface of the brain, is associated with higher level processes such as consciousness, thought, emotion, reasoning, language, and memory. Each cerebral hemisphere can be subdivided into four lobes, each associated with different functions. Figure 1. The brain and its parts can be divided into three main categories: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Lobes of the Brain The four lobes of the brain are the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes (Figure 2). The frontal lobe is located in the forward part of the brain, extending back to a fissure known as the central sulcus. The frontal lobe is involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language. It contains the motor cortex, which is involved in planning and coordinating movement; the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning; and Broca’s area, which is essential for language production. Figure 2. The lobes of the brain are shown. People who suffer damage to Broca’s area have great di...

• It receives information from the inner ear's balance system, sensory nerves, and auditory and visual systems. It is involved in the coordination of movements as well as motor learning. • It is also associated with motor movement and control, but this is not because the motor commands originate here. Instead, the cerebellum modifies these signals and makes motor movements accurate and useful. • The cerebellum helps control posture, balance, and the coordination of voluntary movements. This allows different muscle groups to act together and produce coordinated fluid movement. • In addition to playing an essential role in motor control, the cerebellum is also important in certain cognitive functions, including speech. The Amygdala The amygdala is a cluster of nuclei located close to the base of the brain. It is primarily involved in functions including memory, emotion, and the body's The structure processes external stimuli and then relays that information to the hippocampus, which can then prompt a response to deal with outside threats. The Thalamus Located above the brainstem, the thalamus processes and transmits movement and It is essentially a relay station, taking in sensory information and then passing it on to the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex also sends information to the thalamus, which then sends this information to other systems. The Hippocampus The hippocampus is a structure located in the temporal lobe. It is important in memory and learning and is somet...