Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Temporal lobe epilepsy starts in your temporal lobe. There are two temporal lobes, one on each side of your head above your temples. About 80% of all temporal lobe seizures start in or near your hippocampus. Medications can successfully control seizures in about 66% of people. Seizures that start near your hippocampus are usually successfully treated with surgery. Overview Lobes of the brain What is temporal lobe epilepsy? Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is epilepsy that starts in the temporal lobe area of your brain. You have two temporal lobes, one on each side of your head behind your temples (by your ears and in alignment with your eyes). TLE is the most common localized (also called “focal”) type of epilepsy. About 60% of people with focal epilepsy have TLE. There are two types of TLE. • Mesial (“near the middle”) temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). About 80% of all temporal lobe seizures start in the mesial temporal lobe, with seizures often starting in or near a structure called the hippocampus. You have a hippocampus in each temporal lobe, which control memory and learning. MTLE is the most common form of epilepsy. • Neocortical or lateral TLE. In this type of TLE, seizures start in the outer section of your temporal lobe. This type of TLE is very rare and mostly due to a genetic cause or lesions such as a tumor, birth defect, blood vessel abnormality or other abnormalities in the temporal lobe. What brain functions are controlled by the temporal lobe? Your temporal lobe p...

MRI evaluation in familial MTLE has shown a high frequency of HA and other signs of HS ( Figure 1), even in individuals with seizure remission and asymptomatic family members ( Figure 2). The identification of MRI signs of HS in familial MTLE patients with a benign clinical course supports the view that the presence of HA is not always associated with refractory epilepsy. Available data indicate that MRI abnormalities, determined by visual analyses, are similar in familial and sporadic MTLE with HS. Figure 1. Reduced pedigree from one family with familial MTLE, showing coronal T1 and T2 MRIs showing signs of hippocampal sclerosis: atrophy, hyperintense T2 signal, abnormal shape and abnormal internal structure of right hippocampus in three sibs. CPS: complex partial seizures; FS: febrile seizures. Figure 2. Coronal T2-weighted MR images in a 39years old man from a family with MTLE. He had his first seizure at 17years of age and a few other seizures during life. He has been seizure free without medication for several years. Observe the right hippocampal atrophy with hyperintense T2 signal and abnormal shape (arrows). Patients with intractable familial MTLE present a clinical profile and most histological findings comparable to patients with sporadic MTLE. Interestingly, mossy fiber sprouting may be more pronounced in patients with sporadic MTLE. This finding suggests that, when compared with sporadic MTLE, patients with familial MTLE may respond differently (i.e., display di...

Types [ ] Under the mesial (medial) temporal lobe epilepsy, temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the inner ( lateral temporal lobe or neocortical temporal lobe seizures arise from the outer ( focal aware from focal impaired seizures. focal aware temporal lobe seizure occurs if a person remains aware of what occurs during the entire seizure; awareness may be retained even if impaired responsiveness occurs during the seizure. focal impaired awareness temporal lobe seizure occurs if a person becomes unaware during any part of the seizure. Symptoms and behavior [ ] Medial temporal lobe epilepsy [ ] During a temporal lobe seizure, a person may experience a seizure aura; an aura is an autonomic, cognitive, emotional or sensory experience that commonly occurs during the beginning part of a seizure. behavioral arrest) and lose awareness. Dystonic posture is an unnatural stiffening of one arm occuring during a seizure. Lateral temporal lobe epilepsy [ ] The common auras from seizures arising from primary auditory cortex include Comorbidities [ ] Memory [ ] The major cognitive impairment in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is a progressive memory impairment. :71 This involves :71 Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language dominant hemisphere impairs :71 Psychiatric comorbidities [ ] Psychiatric disorders are more common among those with epilepsy, and the highest prevalence occurs among those with temporal lobe epilepsy. Personality [ ] Main article: :347–348 However, subseq...

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a form of epilepsy that affects the temporal lobe. Some people who have TLE experience hallucinations during a seizure. The temporal lobe is a part of the brain. It is located behind the temples and ears. The temporal lobe is involved in various functions, such as: • speech production and perception • hearing • memory • vision Epilepsy is a condition that affects the brain. It can cause a person to experience recurrent seizures. People who have TLE may experience hallucinations during a seizure. Read on to learn more about TLE hallucinations, including their symptoms and how to manage them. Share on Pinterest Uwe Krejci/Getty Images A person who has TLE hallucinations • smelling an unpleasant smell • hearing a monotone noise, such as a humming or ringing • hearing a complex sound, such as people talking • seeing things that are not there • seeing things in an unusual way, such as warping of objects or faces The type of hallucination a person has may depend on the form of TLE they have and when it occurs during the Types of temporal lobe epilepsy TLE is the There are two types of TLE: mesial TLE and lateral TLE. Mesial TLE affects the internal areas of the Lateral TLE affects the outer area of the temporal lobe. It is Researchers note that people with lateral TLE are Aura phase A person who has TLE may experience hallucinations during an aura. Some people with epilepsy experience auras as the • thought • feeling • behavior • sensation These h...

Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a term used to describe scarring in the deep part of the temporal lobe of the brain. MTS is the most common Symptoms of MTS Mesial temporal sclerosis symptoms include the following: • Strange sensations, such as auras, euphoria, déjà vu, jamais vu, or fear • Changes in behavior/emotions • Muscle spasms • Temporal Lobe Epilepsy • Seizures • Mesial temporal sclerosis is associated with focal seizures. These can present as • • When the seizure evolves into a focal seizure with loss of awareness, motor features can present with abnormal twisting motions of the hand or with automatic movements like hand picking or fumbling, or mouth chewing and lip smacking. • Some seizures can evolve to a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. • Because the seizures can involve language and memory areas, the seizures are often associated with inability to recall having had a seizure and with a transient inability to speak or inability to understand language during and shortly after the seizure. The diagnosis of mesial temporal sclerosis includes detailed history and physical examination. A history of a prolonged seizure with fever in early life can be a risk factor for development of MTS. The MRI shows characteristic abnormal signal in the deep structures of the temporal lobe with scarring. Neuropsychology testing will often reveal signs of the disturbed function of the temporal structures, such as poor memory function or psychiatric disorders like Electroencephal...

There are two types of TLE: • Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) involves the medial or internal structures of the temporal lobe. Seizures often begin in a structure of the brain called the hippocampus or surrounding area. MTLE accounts for almost 80% of all temporal lobe seizures. • Neocortical or lateral temporal lobe epilepsy involves the outer part of the temporal lobe. Medial temporal lobe epilepsy usually begins around age 10 or 20, but it can start at any age. Usually a person has had a seizure with fever or an injury to the brain in their early years. There are a lot of older names for seizures that occur in TLE, including "psychomotor seizures," "limbic seizures," "temporal lobe seizures," "complex partial," and "simple partial." The Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is often associated with changes or abnormal findings on Right Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS) Right Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS) with Flair Also, see arrow in figure at the top of the page. When the MRI is abnormal, seizures often do not stop with • This is especially true when hippocampal sclerosis is on the side of the brain that is not involved with language. This is called the non-dominant side of the brain, which for most people is the right side. • Seizures in TLE include • Auras are the same as focal aware seizures. They used to be called simple partial seizures. They are the first symptoms of a seizure. • The most common auras are feelings of déjà-vu or some stomach upset. • Feelings of fear...