Phenol formula

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • • • Study Notes One substance that has become symbolic of the struggle between industrial development and environmental protection is dioxin. The name dioxin is used to refer to a family of compounds having a basic structure in which two benzene rings are joined by two oxygen atoms: However, media references to dioxin are usually in connection with 2,3,7,8‑tetrachlorodibenzo‑ p‑dioxin, or TCDD: TCDD is a by‑product formed in the manufacture of trichlorophenol, an intermediate in the production of the herbicide 2,4,5‑T (one of the ingredients of the infamous Agent Orange), in the manufacture of hexachlorophene, by pulp and paper mills that use chlorine to produce white paper, and as a result of the incineration of municipal refuse. The equation given below shows how 2,3,7,8‑tetrachlorodibenzo‑ p‑dioxin is formed during the manufacture of 2,4,5‑trichlorophenol, an intermediate produced in the synthesis of 2,4,5‑T. The process involves the reaction of 1,2,4,5‑tetrachlorobenzene with base at a temperature of about 160°C. The possible hazards presented by dioxin first became apparent in 1957, when some German workers involved in the manufacture of 2,4,5‑T developed chloracne—a skin condition resembling acne. The precise toxicological effects of dioxin on humans is open to debate, but as little as 0.6 mg per kg of body weight will kill 50% of guinea pigs injected with TCDD within a specified time. Cumene Process Developed in the 1940s and curre...

You wake up with a sore and itchy throat. The first thing you reach for is a bottle of throat spray to relieve those nasty symptoms. But, have you ever wondered what, exactly, is in that throat spray? One active ingredient is phenol, a group of organic compounds whose aromatic ring is bonded to an alcohol group. Now, this family, the phenols, doesn't mind being called a different name: carbolic acid or benzenol. The molecular formula of phenol is C 6H 5OH. The suffix ending -ol in phenol provides a great clue as to what functional group this organic compound belongs to. In chemistry nomenclature, this suffix refers to compounds that contain alcohol (-OH) groups. Phenol is no exception to this rule, as seen by its molecular formula; an alcohol group is present in its structure. What does the structure of phenol look like? Shown in diagram 1, you will notice the presence of the alcohol group (-OH) we discussed earlier, as well as an aromatic ring. Aromatic compounds are compounds that form a cyclic ring containing double and single bonds. In phenol, this aromatic compound is referred to as benzene. It is worth noting benzene in phenol's structure because the synthesis of phenol most often begins with the starting use of a benzene molecule. Diagram 1 Several commercial compounds are synthesized from a precursor containing phenol. Let's take, for example, a well-known drug called aspirin. Aspirin contains phenol in its drug formulation, as seen in diagram 4 (see video). You wi...

What is Phenol? Phenol is a type of organic compound in which the \(- \) bonds are polar. 5. In Phenol, the non-bondedelectron pairs of oxygen atomsare in conjugation with the aromatic ring. 6. The delocalization of pi electrons causes partial transfer of negative charge from the oxygen atom to the aromatic ring system. 7. The delocalization of pi electrons strengthens the polarization of the \(\) bond. This results in the acidic character of Phenol. 8. Phenol is a weak acid. This is because it readily loses the hydrogen atom to form a phenoxide ion (phenolate) ion. 9. Both Phenol and its conjugate base are resonance stabilized. Dispersion of the negative charge over the molecule can be illustrated with the resonance structures or as a resonance hybrid as Shown- 1. Preparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin The largest single use of Phenol is as an intermediate in the production of phenolic resins. Phenol reacts with formaldehyde and polymerizes to form phenol-formaldehyde resins. This resin, also known commercially as bakelite, is used to manufacture switches, cabinets, doors, etc. It can withstand extreme conditions, and hence, this resin is used in various electrical and automobile industries. 2. Preparation of Phenolphthalein An important acid-base indicator is phenolphthalein. As its name indicates, phenolphthalein can besynthesizedby condensing phthalic anhydride with two equivalents of Phenol under acidic conditions. It turns colorless in acidic solutions and pink in ...

chemical compound: Alcohols and phenols Phenols are widely used in household products and as intermediates for industrial n-hexylresorcinol, have supplanted phenol itself in cough drops and other antiseptic applications. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has a much lower toxicity and is a common In industry, phenol is used as a starting material to make Natural sources of phenols Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Nomenclature of phenols Many phenolic Systematic names are more useful, however, because a systematic name specifies the actual structure of the ortho (1,2), meta (1,3), and para (1,4) system. Compounds with other principal functional groups can be named with the hydroxyl group as a hydroxy substituent. For example, the systematic name for vanillin is 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. Physical properties of phenols Similar to alcohols, phenols have hydroxyl groups that can participate in intermolecular See 6H 5CH 3; MW 92, bp 111 °C [231.8 °F]). The ability of phenols to form strong hydrogen bonds also Synthesis of phenols Most of the phenol used today is produced from Hydrolysis of chlorobenzene (the Dow process) Benzene is easily converted to chlorobenzene by a variety of methods, one of which is the Dow process. Chlorobenzene is hydrolyzed by a strong isopropylbenzene Benzene is converted to isopropylbenzene (cumene) by treatment with General synthesis of phenols To make more-complicated phenolic compounds, a more general s...

• Chemistry • Organic Chemistry • Phenol Phenol In 1865, the British surgeon Dr. Joseph Lister did something quite radical - he used phenol, then known as carbolic acid, to sterilise a young boy's compound fracture during surgery. The treatment was a success, and Lister managed to prevent infection throughout the entire healing process. He advocated for the use of carbolic acid-soaked dressings to treat wounds and encouraged all… Phenol • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • In 1865, the British surgeon Dr. Joseph Lister did something quite radical - he used phenol, then known as carbolic acid, to sterilise a young boy's compound fracture during surgery. The tr...