KEYWORDS- PREPARATION OF SOAP, CLEANSING ACTION, Cleaning Capacity of Soap with Hard andSoft Water I. PREPARATION OF SOAP. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids like stearic, palmitic andoleic acids can be either saturated or unsaturated. They contain a long hydrocarbon chain of about 10-20 carbon with one carboxylic acid

The cleansing action of Soap: When a dirty cloth having oily spot is put in water containing dissolved soap, the oil is not dissolved in water. The soap molecules are salts of sodium and potassium of long-chain carboxylic acid. The acid end of soap is hydrophilic i.e. water-loving and gets dissolved in water and the carbon chain dissolves in oil.

S N 1S N 1Rate LawUnimolecular (substrate only)Bimolecular (substrate and nucleophile)Big BarrierCarbocation stabilitySteric HindranceAlkyl halide (electrophile)3 o>2 o>>1 o1 o>2 o>>3 oNucleophileWeak (generally neutral)Strong (generally bearing a negative charge)SolventPolar protic (e.g alcohols)Polar aprotic (e.g DMSO, acetone.

DNA Repair Mechanisms Although DNA fidelity is highly protected, DNA can still be damaged by a number of environmental factors, reactive oxygen species, and errors in DNA replication. DNA repair is a continuous process in which the cell corrects the damage. The cell has multiple mechanisms it can use to repair DNA.

Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies that are unconsciously used to protect a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings. According to Freudian theory, defense mechanismss involve a distortion of relaity in wome way so that we are better able to cope with a situation.

respiratory system, the system in living organisms that takes up oxygen and discharges carbon dioxide in order to satisfy energy requirements. In the living organism, energy is liberated, along with carbon dioxide, through the oxidation of molecules containing carbon.

mechanism का हिन्दी अर्थ आईपीए: mɛkənɪzəm हिन्दी: मेकनिज़म अभ्यास translation Translated by SHABDKOSH translator. mechanism के हिन्दी अर्थ क्षमा करें, हमें सटीक मिलान नहीं मिला। 13

Phenylephrine HCL is also used over-the-counter in ophthalmic formulations to promote mydriasis and conjunctival blood vessel vasoconstriction, intranasal administration as a treatment for uncomplicated nasal congestion, and as an over-the-counter additive to topical hemorrhoid medications.

Write the mechanism of the following reaction: Q:-Define the term solution. How many types of solutions are formed? Write briefly about each type with an example. Q:-Write the mechanism of acid-catalysed dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene. Q:-Vapour pressure of water at 293 Kis 17.535 mm Hg.

different patterns and mechanisms of social control. Obviously, there are a variety of types and mechanisms of social control. Each is the result of particular antecedent variables and, in turn, each form has a different impact on social behavior. The task of empirical social research is to investigate the forms and consequences of social.

mechanisms of enzymatic action. An enzyme attracts substrates to its active site, catalyzes the chemical reaction by which products are formed, and then allows the products to dissociate (separate from the enzyme surface). The combination formed by an enzyme and its substrates is called the enzyme–substrate complex.

Genetic drift, also known as allelic drift or the Wright effect, [1] is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant ( allele) in a population due to random chance. [2] Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation. [3]