Pathways of antigen processing and presentation Authors C Watts 1 , S Powis Affiliation 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, UK. [email protected] PMID: 11256573 Abstract CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes recognise peptides stably bound to class I or class II MHC molecules, respectively.

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells derive energy from glucose. The chemical reaction for cellular respiration involves glucose and oxygen as inputs, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP) as outputs. There are three stages to cellular respiration: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

The ED pathway was first reported by Mitchell Doudoroff and Nathan Entner. After their discovery this cycle was given tha name ED pathway. There are several bacteria that use the ED pathway for matabolism of Glucose and are unable to catalysis the the glycose via glycolytic pathway. For example Pseudomonad sp lacks PFK (Phosphofructokinase.

Glycolysis is regulated in a reciprocal fashion compared to its corresponding anabolic pathway, gluconeogenesis. Reciprocal regulation occurs when the same molecule or treatment (phosphorylation, for example) has opposite effects on catabolic and anabolic pathways.

Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway that is used by all cells for the oxidation of glucose to generate energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) and intermediates for use in other metabolic pathways. Besides glucose, other hexose sugars such as fructose and galactose also end up in the glycolytic pathway for catabolism[1].

Glycogenesis Definition. Glycogenesis is the biological process of forming glycogen from glucose, the simplest cellular sugar. The body creates glycogen through the process of glycogenesis to store these molecules for use later, when the body does not have readily available glucose.

The pentose phosphate pathway is named for the products it ultimately generates; pentose refers to a five-carbon sugar called ribose, and phosphate refers to a molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, or NADPH. So the pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative pathway that glucose can enter when cells need to make more.