The telephone bill of a certain establishment

• • Publish / Advertise with Us • • • • • • • • • • • Trending Legal News • • • • Type of Law • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • About Us • • • • • NLR Thought Leadership Awards • • • • • • • • • • • Contact Us • • • • • • • Quick Links • • Type of Law • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Thursday, April 9, 2020 Introduction The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991, codified as 47 U.S.C § 227 (TCPA), and its implementing regulations (to the extent applicable) have caused confusion since their enactment. 1 At times, determining who may be called, texted, or faxed seems like playing a game of three-dimensional chess. Gaining an understanding of the statute and its regulations is the first step to ensure compliance and avoid potentially costly litigation and liability, which could include, among other things, individual and putative class-action lawsuits brought by consumers and governmental investigations and actions seeking monetary forfeitures. To that end, this GT Advisory seeks to give readers a basic understanding of the TCPA and some of its principal regulations. Our accompanying flowchart will further assist readers in determining whether their practices may potentially trigger liability under the TCPA. The advisory and flowchart are not comprehensive. They cannot be. Put simply, the TCPA, its regulations, regulatory rules/orders, and case law are too voluminous and complex to summarize in a relatively short advisory and one-page f...

The electricity bill of a certain establishment is partly fixed and partly varies as the number of units of electricity consumed. When in a certain month 540 units are consumed, the bill is Rs. 1800. In another month 620 units are consumed and the bill is Rs. 2040. In yet another month 500 units are consumed then, the bill for that month would be The electricity bill of a certain establishment is partly fixed and partly varies as the number of units of electricity consumed. When in a certain month 540 units are consumed, the bill is Rs. 1800. In another month 620 units are consumed and the bill is Rs. 2040. In yet another month 500 units are consumed then, the bill for that month would be Let the fixed amount be Rs. x and the cost of each unit be Rs. y . Then, 5 4 0 y + x = 1 8 0 0 ...(i) and 6 2 0 y + x = 2 0 4 0 ...(ii) On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get 8 0 y = 2 4 0 ⇒ y = 3 Putting y = 3 in (i), we get : 5 4 0 × 3 + x = 1 8 0 0 ⇒ x = ( 1 8 0 0 − 1 6 2 0 ) = 1 8 0 ∴ Fixed charges = R s . 1 8 0 , Charge per unit = R s . 3 Total charges for consuming 5 0 0 units = R s . ( 1 8 0 + 5 0 0 × 3 ) = R s . 1 6 8 0

A call detail record (CDR) provides information about calls made over a phone service. Here are some frequently asked questions to help you understand how CDRs can be helpful for a variety of purposes. Let’s start with the basics. What Does CDR Mean? In the telecom industry, CDR refers to a call detail record, which provides information about calls made through a phone service. A CDR report can offer businesses call data about where, when, and how calls are made for reporting and billing purposes. What Information Is Included in a Call Detail Record (CDR)? A CDR provides metadata - data about data - on how a specific phone number and/or user is utilizing the phone system. This metadata typically includes: • When the call took place (date and time) • How long the call lasted (in minutes) • Who called whom (source and destination phone numbers) • What kind of call was made (inbound, outbound, toll-free) • How much the call cost (based on a per-minute rate) CDRs can also include SMS messaging metadata and any other official communications transmission. However, the contents of the messages/calls are not revealed through the CDR. The call detail record simply shows that the calls or messages took place, and measures basic call properties. Consider the following CDR report as an example, generated from a user on a Why Are CDRs Important? A CDR log lists every billable communications transmission on your phone system. This allows phone companies to generate your phone bills, and...

• • Publish / Advertise with Us • • • • • • • • • • • Trending Legal News • • • • Type of Law • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • About Us • • • • • NLR Thought Leadership Awards • • • • • • • • • • • Contact Us • • • • • • • Quick Links • • Type of Law • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Thursday, April 9, 2020 Introduction The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991, codified as 47 U.S.C § 227 (TCPA), and its implementing regulations (to the extent applicable) have caused confusion since their enactment. 1 At times, determining who may be called, texted, or faxed seems like playing a game of three-dimensional chess. Gaining an understanding of the statute and its regulations is the first step to ensure compliance and avoid potentially costly litigation and liability, which could include, among other things, individual and putative class-action lawsuits brought by consumers and governmental investigations and actions seeking monetary forfeitures. To that end, this GT Advisory seeks to give readers a basic understanding of the TCPA and some of its principal regulations. Our accompanying flowchart will further assist readers in determining whether their practices may potentially trigger liability under the TCPA. The advisory and flowchart are not comprehensive. They cannot be. Put simply, the TCPA, its regulations, regulatory rules/orders, and case law are too voluminous and complex to summarize in a relatively short advisory and one-page f...

The electricity bill of a certain establishment is partly fixed and partly varies as the number of units of electricity consumed. When in a certain month 540 units are consumed, the bill is Rs. 1800. In another month 620 units are consumed and the bill is Rs. 2040. In yet another month 500 units are consumed then, the bill for that month would be The electricity bill of a certain establishment is partly fixed and partly varies as the number of units of electricity consumed. When in a certain month 540 units are consumed, the bill is Rs. 1800. In another month 620 units are consumed and the bill is Rs. 2040. In yet another month 500 units are consumed then, the bill for that month would be Let the fixed amount be Rs. x and the cost of each unit be Rs. y . Then, 5 4 0 y + x = 1 8 0 0 ...(i) and 6 2 0 y + x = 2 0 4 0 ...(ii) On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get 8 0 y = 2 4 0 ⇒ y = 3 Putting y = 3 in (i), we get : 5 4 0 × 3 + x = 1 8 0 0 ⇒ x = ( 1 8 0 0 − 1 6 2 0 ) = 1 8 0 ∴ Fixed charges = R s . 1 8 0 , Charge per unit = R s . 3 Total charges for consuming 5 0 0 units = R s . ( 1 8 0 + 5 0 0 × 3 ) = R s . 1 6 8 0

A call detail record (CDR) provides information about calls made over a phone service. Here are some frequently asked questions to help you understand how CDRs can be helpful for a variety of purposes. Let’s start with the basics. What Does CDR Mean? In the telecom industry, CDR refers to a call detail record, which provides information about calls made through a phone service. A CDR report can offer businesses call data about where, when, and how calls are made for reporting and billing purposes. What Information Is Included in a Call Detail Record (CDR)? A CDR provides metadata - data about data - on how a specific phone number and/or user is utilizing the phone system. This metadata typically includes: • When the call took place (date and time) • How long the call lasted (in minutes) • Who called whom (source and destination phone numbers) • What kind of call was made (inbound, outbound, toll-free) • How much the call cost (based on a per-minute rate) CDRs can also include SMS messaging metadata and any other official communications transmission. However, the contents of the messages/calls are not revealed through the CDR. The call detail record simply shows that the calls or messages took place, and measures basic call properties. Consider the following CDR report as an example, generated from a user on a Why Are CDRs Important? A CDR log lists every billable communications transmission on your phone system. This allows phone companies to generate your phone bills, and...