Trace the movement of oxygenated blood in the body

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • The cardiovascular system has two distinct circulatory paths, pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Key Points • The cardiovascular system is composed of two circulatory paths: pulmonary circulation, the circuit through the lungs where blood is oxygenated, and systemic circulation, the circuit through the rest of the body to provide oxygenated blood. • In the pulmonary circulation, blood travels through capillaries on the alveoli, air sacs in the lungs which allow for gas exchange. • As blood flows through circulation, the size of the vessel decreases from artery / vein, to arteriole / venule, and finally to capillaries, the smallest vessels for gas and nutrient exchange. • Systemic and pulmonary circulation transition to the opposite type of circulation when they return blood to the opposite side of the heart. • Systemic circulation is a much larger and higher pressure system than pulmonary circulation. Key Terms • alveoli: Air sacs in the lungs that provide the surface for gas exchange between the air and capillaries. • pulmonary circulation: The part of blood circulation which carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. • systemic circulation: The part of blood circulation that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The cardiovascular system is composed of two circulatory paths: pulmonary circulat...

Pathway of blood around the body Blood is pumped around the body of a vertebrate by the heart . Blood is pumped away from the heart in arteries ('a' for away) and is returned to the heart in veins . In mammals the heart is a double pump. The right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body tissues. This means that a red blood cell will travel through the heart twice during a complete circulation around the body. The mammalian heart The mammalian heart contains four chambers connected to four major blood vessels. The vena cava and pulmonary vein carry blood into the heart. Blood is carried away from the heart in the pulmonary artery and the aorta when the ventricles contract. Blood vessel Origin to destination of blood it carries Vena cava Body to right atrium Pulmonary artery Right ventricle to lungs Pulmonary vein Lungs to left atrium Aorta Left ventricle to body Deoxygenated blood coming from the body flows through the vena cava into the right atrium and down into the right ventricle where it is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The blood is oxygenated in the lungs and flows back to the heart in the pulmonary vein, into the left atrium and down into the left ventricle where it is pushed up and out of the aorta to the body. The heart contains valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Coronary arteries The heart muscle cells are supplied with blood by the coronary arteries. These are the first ...

\( \newcommand\) • • • The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Key Points • The heart contains four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. • The blood that is returned to the right atrium is deoxygenated, then passed into the right ventricle to be pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for reoxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide. • The left atrium receives newly-oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins. This blood is passed into the strong left ventricle to be pumped through the aorta to the different organs of the body. • The coronary circulation supplies the heart muscle with the oxygen and nutrients it requires to function. Key Terms • Coronary circulation: The circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle. • cardiovascular system: In humans, this system is comprised of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The heart is a key organ in the circulatory system responsible for the generation of pressure and thus flow throughout the system and pulmonary circulatory systems. The heart contains four chambers, two atria and two ventricles. The blood that is returned to the right atrium is deoxygenated and s passed into the right ventricle to be pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for reoxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide. The left atrium receives newly oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins, which is passed into the strong left ventricle to be pumpe...

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Compare the composition of atmospheric air and alveolar air • Describe the mechanisms that drive gas exchange • Discuss the importance of sufficient ventilation and perfusion, and how the body adapts when they are insufficient • Discuss the process of external respiration • Describe the process of internal respiration The purpose of the respiratory system is to perform gas exchange. Pulmonary ventilation provides air to the alveoli for this gas exchange process. At the respiratory membrane, where the alveolar and capillary walls meet, gases move across the membranes, with oxygen entering the bloodstream and carbon dioxide exiting. It is through this mechanism that blood is oxygenated and carbon dioxide, the waste product of cellular respiration, is removed from the body. Gas Exchange In order to understand the mechanisms of gas exchange in the lung, it is important to understand the underlying principles of gases and their behavior. In addition to Boyle’s law, several other gas laws help to describe the behavior of gases. Gas Laws and Air Composition Gas molecules exert force on the surfaces with which they are in contact; this force is called pressure. In natural systems, gases are normally present as a mixture of different types of molecules. For example, the atmosphere consists of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gaseous molecules, and this gaseous mixture exerts a certain pressure referre...

The oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which return it to the left heart, completing the pulmonary cycle. This blood then enters the left atrium, which pumps it through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to different parts of the body.

artpartner-images / Getty Images Components of the Heart Involved in Blood Flow The heart has two upper chambers, called the left and right atriums, and two lower chambers, called the left and right ventricles. With each heartbeat, blood moves from one chamber to the next through a series of heart valves. • The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. • The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. • The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. • The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. • The blood first enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava. • It then flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. • The blood then moves through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery. • The pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs where it takes up oxygen. • Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium. • The blood then moved through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. • The left ventricle then pumps the blood through the aortic valve into the aorta. • From the aorta, the blood is transported through the network of blood vessels, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and taking carbon dioxide and wastes from tissues. • Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava, and the cycle begins again. Function and Importance of Hear...

Veins are blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood to your heart. Pulmonary veins are an exception because they carry oxygen-rich blood from your lungs to your heart. Veins in your legs fight gravity to push blood up toward your heart. Common problems with veins include chronic venous insufficiency, deep vein thrombosis and varicose veins. Overview What are veins? Veins are blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart. Veins are part of your What type of blood do veins carry? The major difference between What are venules? Your venules are very small blood vessels that connect your capillaries with your veins throughout your body. Your venules have the important function of moving blood that contains waste and lacks oxygen from your capillaries to your veins. From there, your blood can make its way back to your heart. Your venules are wider than your capillaries but narrower than your veins. Venules vary in size, but even the widest venule is about 16 times smaller than your typical vein. Function What do veins do? Veins have two main purposes. One purpose is to collect oxygen-poor blood throughout your body and carry it back to your heart. The other purpose is to carry oxygen-rich blood from your lungs to your heart. This is the only time veins carry oxygen-rich blood. The purpose of each vein depends upon where it’s located within your body. Veins are organized into a complex network called the venous system. The ...