Uses of chloroform

Glossary Group A vertical column in the periodic table. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. Period A horizontal row in the periodic table. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. Block Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). Atomic number The number of protons in an atom. Electron configuration The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. Melting point The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. Boiling point The temperature at which the liquid–gas phase change occurs. Sublimation The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. Density (g cm −3) Density is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm 3 at room temperature. Relative atomic mass The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. Isotopes Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. CAS number The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from diff...

Chloroform is a colorless liquid with the chemical formula CHCl 3 and a common organic solvent. This compound is obtained by replacing three hydrogen atoms of Method of preparation of chloroform The industrial method of preparation From methane On an industrial scale, chloroform is prepared by chlorination of methane. From carbon tetrachloride Chloroform can also be prepared on an industrial scale by partial reduction of carbon tetrachloride with iron filings and steam. Laboratory method of preparation In the laboratory, chloroform is obtained from ethanol or acetone by reaction with bleaching powder and water. In this reaction, bleaching powder serves as a source of chlorine. The various reactions involved are: In the case of ethanol About 50g of bleaching powder is mixed with 100 ml of water to make a paste. This is then transferred into a 500 ml round-bottomed flask. About 15 ml of Now the flask is heated gently over a water bath. A mixture of chloroform and water is obtained as distillate. The distillation is stopped when no more chloroform passes over. The mixture of the receiver is passed into the separation funnel and the lower layer of chloroform is separated. It is washed with a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide and then dried over anhydrous calcium chloride. It is finally purified by redistillation and collecting the fraction passing over between 60-65 oc. Properties of chloroform Physical Properties • Chloroform is a colorless oily liquid with a sweet smell an...

Uses of Chloroform What is Chloroform? Chloroform, also referred to as trichloromethane, is an organic compound. Each molecule of trichloromethane consists of three chlorine atoms attached to one carbon atom. Chloroform also belongs to this family of compounds. Although these compounds have been found to have adverse effects on the environment and the human body, industries continue to use these compounds owing to their high utility and wide range of applications. List of Uses of Chloroform • Trichloromethane is used as a solvent for iodine, alkaloids, fats and some other substances. • Chloroform is majorly used for the manufacturing of Freon refrigerant R-22. The application of R-22 as refrigerants has been phased out in developed countries due to global warming, but it continues to be in high demand in developing countries owing to its easy availability and manufacturing. • It has been used as a prominent anaesthetic during medical surgeries ever since its effects were discovered. Even criminals use this compound to knock out their victims due to its anaesthetic effects. • It has been reported that breathing air that has 900 ppm chloroform in it can cause dizziness, headache and fatigue. • Once the toxic nature of this compound and its harmful effects on liver, kidneys and the central nervous system were discovered, its use as an anaesthetic had been replaced by other safer products. • The poisonous nature of this compound is attributed to phosgene. • The oxidation of c...

Chloroform has been and continues to be used for a diverse range of purposes. Chloroform was originally used as an anesthetic by surgeons seeking to put patients under during procedures (ATSDR, 1997). However, chloroform is no longer used an an anesthetic because of the harmful health effects it has on patients. Today, chloroform is primarily used HCFC-22, a substance used as a refrigerant (NCBI, n.d.). Chloroform is also commonly used as a solvent, among other things. Chloroform as an Anesthetic Chloroform was widely used as an anesthetic from the mid-1800s through the early 1900s. It wasn’t until scientists found that the usage of chloroform in surgical procedures resulted in a greater number of fatalities than when other narcotics, like nitrous oxide, were used (Wawersik, 1997). Subsequent studies in animals demonstrated adverse health outcomes in animals exposed to chloroform. By the late 1900s, chloroform usage in surgical procedures was obsolete (Wawersik, 1997). Despite this, the substance is still used today in some dental procedures (Mohammadzadeh Akhlaghi, Baradaran Mohajeri, & Fazlyab, 2013). Timeline • 1831: Chloroform is first produced • 1848: First reported death due to chloroform • mid 1800s-early 1900s: Chloroform commonly used as an anesthetic in surgical procedures • 1911: Chloroform proven to cause cardiac fibrillation in animals • 1934: Statistics show narcosis via chloroform results in far more fatalities than other methods of narcosis • 1976: Clinical...

chloroform Trichloroethane or chloroform is an organic compound in which carbon atom is bonded to three halogen atoms. The central carbon atom shows s p 3 hybridization. The formula for the compound is C H C l 3 ​ . Compound is sweet-smelling colorless liquid. It is used for preparing many chemical compounds. Chloroform is commonly used for anesthesia in medicinal field.

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Chloroform The chloroform extract shows absorbance maximum at 256nm and obeys Beer's law in the concentration range of 2–12μg/mL of the drug. From: Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology, 2012 Related terms: • DNA • Lipid • Lysozyme • RNA • Centrifugation • Organic Solvents • Solution and Solubility J. Estévez, E. Vilanova, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Toxicokinetics Chloroform is well absorbed, metabolized, and eliminated by mammals after oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and widely distributed in the entire organism, via blood circulation and preferentially in fatty tissues and in the brain due to its liposolubility. The half-life in humans was 7.9 h following inhalation exposure. An oral-exposure study found most of the chloroform dose being eliminated within 8-h postexposure. Chloroform is mainly metabolized in liver; the major metabolite is carbon dioxide. The oxidative pathway in vivo generates also reactive metabolites including phosgene, whereas the reductive pathway generates the dichloromethylcarbene free radical. Both pathways proceed through a cytochrome P450-dependent enzymatic activation step and their balance depends on species, tissue, dose, and oxygen tension. Phosgene is produced by oxidative dechlorination of chloroform to trichloromethanol, which spontaneously dehydrochlorinates. The chloroform toxicity is due to its metabolites. Transplacental transfer of chloroform has been reported in mice and in the...

Where to buy chloroform in India? Chloroform is highly toxic and the supply is heavily regulated by the government in many countries. It has been banned as a consumer product in the United States since 1976 and it’s used only for industrial and scientific applications. Chloroform: Product Description Chloroform, also called trichloromethane, is an organic compound with chemical formula CHCl 3. It is a clear, colorless liquid that is denser than water and has a pleasant, sweet odor. It was earlier used as an anesthetic as it causes temporary unconsciousness, but it was later banned and no longer used in medical procedures due to its toxic nature. Chloroform is naturally present in the atmosphere too. Lower levels of chloroform are present in the air and water, especially water in inland rivers, lakes, coastal waters, and groundwater. Due to its high volatility, chloroform volatilizes readily from soil and surface water. It has been found out that it undergoes degradation in the air to produce Since chloroform is widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry; it is produced on the industrial scale by heating a mixture of To check the best chloroform price in India and buy chloroform online, visit History of Chloroform Chloroform was prepared by several chemists independently during 1830. An American chemist Dr. Samuel Guthrie in the year 1831, prepared chloroform by combining ethanol with chlorinated lime. A similar process was used by Eugène Soubeiran, a French sc...