Vernier caliper practical experiment

Jonny Nelson explains density with a GCSE Physics practical experiment There are different ways to investigate density. In this required practical activity, it is important to: • record the mass accurately • measure and observe the mass and the volume of the different objects • use appropriate apparatus and methods to measure volume and mass Aim of the experiment To measure the density of various materials. Method 1: Regular solids • Use a ruler to measure the length (l), width (w) and height (h) of a steel cube. • Place the steel cube on the top pan balance and measure its mass. • Calculate the volume of the cube using (l × w × h). • Use the measurements to calculate the density of the metal. • Use vernier callipers to measure the diameter of the sphere. • Place the metal sphere on the top pan balance and measure its mass. • Calculate the volume of the sphere using \(\frac)^3 = 4.19~cm^3\) Density = mass ÷ volume = 33 ÷ 4.19 = 7.9 g/cm 3 (= 7,900 kg/m 3 ) For a stone of mass 356 g, the volume of water displaced into the measuring cylinder is 68 cm 3 . Density = mass ÷ volume = 356 ÷ 68 = 5.2 g/cm 3 (= 5,200 kg/m 3 ) Mass of 50 cm 3 of water is found to be 50 g. Density = mass ÷ volume = 50 / 50 = 1 g/cm 3 (= 1,000 kg/m 3 ) Evaluation • Density can be measured for regular solids, irregular solids and liquids • Densities calculated from measurements are subject to experimental error. This could be because: • the top pan balances used by different people may not be identical...

Uses of Vernier Calipers We know the core use of Vernier Calipers is for measuring the distance between two opposite sides of a surface. We can measure the internal and external dimensions and even the height of an object with accuracy. It can measure up to one-hundredth of a millimeter. In this article, we will learn about a few applications of vernier calipers. Table of Contents • • • • • • • Usage In Science Labs One of the major uses of this instrument is in this field. It is used for studying the expansion of materials due to differing temperatures in order to find out their properties. It is used to measure various equipment in order to fit in properly. They are also helpful for measurements of regular and irregular shaped objects from the interior or the exterior. Usage In Steel Industries While manufacturing or checking the dimensions of the by-product in order to ensure the desired standards are met, uses of vernier calipers come in highly recommended. It is used to measure the width and even the height of various objects. It helps in measuring holes, the width of pipes, the circumference of metal beads, etc Usage In Educational Sector In schools and engineering institutions, the use of these instruments helps students to gauge various other instruments and objects used in physics or many other fields and also helps in rectifying zero error. Using this instrument to measure outside and inside dimensions of cylindrical shaped objects is one of the few experiments i...

× Vernier Simulation Customise main scale divisions, vernier scale divisions and zero error using the sliders at the top right panel. Create problem by clicking create problem button, and drag the created object near the internal jaws, external jaws or depth blade to snap, now move vernier to read its width. Controls Pinch or use keys Page Up/down to zoom. Use mouse wheel, arrow keys or drag thimble to rotate vernier.

Materials Required • Vernier callipers. • A spherical body ( it can be a pendulum bob) • A cylinder. • A small rectangular metallic block of known mass • A beaker or a calorimeter. The Procedure • We'll first determine the vernier constant (VC), which is the least count (L.C) of the vernier calliper and record it stepwise as in the equation, L.C = 1 MSD - 1 VSD. • Now, bring the movable jaw in close contact with the fixed jaw and find the zero error. Do this three times and record the values. If there is no zero error, then record 'zero error nil'. • Open the jaws of the Vernier Calliper and place the sphere or cylinder between the two jaws and adjust the movable jaw, such that it gently grips the body without any undue pressure on it. That done, tighten the screw attached to the Vernier scale. • Note the position of the zero mark of the Vernier scale on the main scale. Record the main scale reading just before the zero mark of the vernier scale. This reading (N) is called main scale reading (MSR). • Note the number (n) of the Vernier scale division which coincides with the division of the main scale. • You'll have to repeat steps 5 and 6 after rotating the body by 90 o for measuring the diameter in a perpendicular direction. • Repeat steps 4 to 7 for three different positions and record the observations. • Now find total reading using the equation, TR = MSR+VSR = N+(n x L.C) and apply the zero correction. • Take the mean of the different values of the diameter and show th...

Our Objective • To know the use of the Vernier Calipers. • To measure the diameter of a small spherical / cylindrical body. • To measure the length, width and height of the given rectangular block. • To measure the internal diameter and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter and hence find its volume. The Theory What is a Vernier Caliper? A calliper is a device used to measure the distance between two opposing sides of an object. It can be as simple as a compass with inward or outward-facing points. First the tips of the calliper are adjusted to fit across the points to be measured and the calliper is then removed and the distance between the tips is measured using a ruler. The modern Vernier calliper was invented by Joseph R. Brown in 1851. It was the first practical tool for exact measurements that could be sold at an affordable price to ordinary machinists. The Vernier Calliper consists of a main scale fitted with a jaw at one end. Another jaw, containing the vernier scale, moves over the main scale. When the two jaws are in contact, the zero of the main scale and the zero of the Vernier scale should coincide. If both the zeros do not coincide, there will be a positive or negative zero error. Parts of a Vernier Caliper 1.Main Scale The main scale consists of a steel metallic strip graduated in centimeters at one edge and in inches at the other edge . It carries the inner and outer measuring jaws. When the two jaws are in contact, the zero of the main scale and the zero of ...