Vernier scale simulator

Vernier Calliper is a simple device to measure very small lengths easily. The movable scale, also known as Vernier scale, is divided into 10 units. If it slides along the main scale, marked in mm, the gap between two the 0s between the two scales. If the instrument is accurate, the two zeros must coincide. So, 10 Vernier units = 9 mm 1 Vernier unit = 9/10 mm 1 Vernier unit = 0.9 mm The gap between 1 unit of the main scale and Vernier unit = 1-0.9 = 0.1 mm With that, this particular calliper lets us measure lengths which are as small as 0.1 mm. Therefore, the Vernier scale lets us measure us small lengths. The following animation describes the working of the device. Please move the slider and study the reading. Let's look at a few of the readings: E.g.1 Suppose the three different lengths of the red string, read by the main scale, is 4 mm, correct to 1 mm. So its real length is greater than 4 mm and less than 5 mm. The correct value can be calculated as follows: If 7 mm mark on the main scale coincide with 3 th tick of Vernier scale The value on the Vernier scale = 3x0.9 = 2.7 mm Therefore, the gap between the two zeros of the scales = 7- 2.7 = 4.3 Length of the red wire = 4.3 mm E.g.2 If 10 mm mark on the main scale coincide with 6 th tick of Vernier scale The value on the Vernier scale = 6x0.9 = 5.4 mm Therefore, the gap between the two zeros of the scales = 10-5.4 = 4.6 Length of the red wire = 4.3 mm E.g.3 If 12 mm mark on the main scale coincide with 8 th tick of Verni...

Vernier Calliper Diagram French mathematician Pierre Vernier invented the vernier scale in 1631. The main use of the vernier calliper over the main scale is to get anaccurate and precisemeasurement. Least Count of Vernier Calliper The least count of vernier callipers is also known as the vernier constant. It is defined as the difference between one main scale division and one vernier scale division. It is mathematically given as: VC = 1 MSD – 1 VSD When there are n divisions on the vernier scale which coincides with (n-1) division on the main scale, then the least count of vernier calliper is: LC =MSD Therefore, the least count of vernier calliper is 0.1 mm. Where, • VC is the vernier constant • MSD is the main scale division • VSD is the vernier scale division • LC is the least count What is Zero Error? Zero error is defined as the condition in which the measuring device registers a reading when there should not be any reading. The zero error of vernier calliper is calculated as: Actual reading = Main scale + Vernier scale – (Zero error) There are two types of zero error: • Positive zero error: When the jaws of the vernier calliper are closed and the reading is positive and away from the actual reading of 0.00 mm. For instance, if the reading is 0.08 mm, then the zero error is +0.08 mm. • Negative zero error: When the jaws of the vernier calliper are closed and the reading is negative and away from the actual reading of 0.00 mm. For instance, if the reading is 0.10 mm, th...

Materials Required • Vernier callipers. • A spherical body ( it can be a pendulum bob) • A cylinder. • A small rectangular metallic block of known mass • A beaker or a calorimeter. The Procedure • We'll first determine the vernier constant (VC), which is the least count (L.C) of the vernier calliper and record it stepwise as in the equation, L.C = 1 MSD - 1 VSD. • Now, bring the movable jaw in close contact with the fixed jaw and find the zero error. Do this three times and record the values. If there is no zero error, then record 'zero error nil'. • Open the jaws of the Vernier Calliper and place the sphere or cylinder between the two jaws and adjust the movable jaw, such that it gently grips the body without any undue pressure on it. That done, tighten the screw attached to the Vernier scale. • Note the position of the zero mark of the Vernier scale on the main scale. Record the main scale reading just before the zero mark of the vernier scale. This reading (N) is called main scale reading (MSR). • Note the number (n) of the Vernier scale division which coincides with the division of the main scale. • You'll have to repeat steps 5 and 6 after rotating the body by 90 o for measuring the diameter in a perpendicular direction. • Repeat steps 4 to 7 for three different positions and record the observations. • Now find total reading using the equation, TR = MSR+VSR = N+(n x L.C) and apply the zero correction. • Take the mean of the different values of the diameter and show th...