What is the difference between soaps and detergents class 10

\( \newcommand\) • Carboxylic acids and salts having alkyl chains longer than eight carbons exhibit unusual behavior in water due to the presence of both hydrophilic (CO 2) and hydrophobic (alkyl) regions in the same molecule. Such molecules are termed amphiphilic (Gk. amphi = both) or amphipathic. Fatty acids made up of ten or more carbon atoms are nearly insoluble in water, and because of their lower density, float on the surface when mixed with water. Unlike paraffin or other alkanes, which tend to puddle on the waters surface, these fatty acids spread evenly over an extended water surface, eventually forming a monomolecular layer in which the polar carboxyl groups are hydrogen bonded at the water interface, and the hydrocarbon chains are aligned together away from the water. This behavior is illustrated in the diagram on the right. Substances that accumulate at water surfaces and change the surface properties are called surfactants. Alkali metal salts of fatty acids are more soluble in water than the acids themselves, and the amphiphilic character of these substances also make them strong surfactants. The most common examples of such compounds are soaps and detergents, four of which are shown below. Note that each of these molecules has a nonpolar hydrocarbon chain, the "tail", and a polar (often ionic) "head group". The use of such compounds as cleaning agents is facilitated by their surfactant character, which lowers the surface tension of water, allowing it to penet...

Soap Detergent Soap is potassium or sodium salts of acarboxylic acid attached to a long aliphatic chain. Detergent is the potassium or sodium salts of a long alkyl chain ending with a sulfonate group. Soap is a metal salt of fatty acid that we use for cleaning and lubrication. Detergent is a mixture of surfactants with cleaning properties in dilute solutions. Minerals present in solution significantly increase the effectiveness of soap. Minerals present in solution do not affect the characteristics of detergent. Soaps are easily biodegradable. Detergents are not easily biodegradable. Soaps are hydrophilic due to the presence of carboxylate at the end of its molecular structure. Its solubility is attributed to the fact that the sulfonate group does not attach itself to the ions present in hard water. Soap is generally prepared from plant and animal fats through saponification. Petroleum(Petrochemicals) was found to be a plentiful source for the manufacture of detergent. Examples - sodium stearate, sodium palmitate and sodium oleate Examples - deoxycholic acid and sodium lauryl sulfate. Note: When we use soap in hard water there is a white solid that develops on clothes. We call the white solid as scum. This is developing because of calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water. But detergents do not develop any type of scum.

Soaps And Detergents - Cleansing Action Of Soaps And Detergents What are Soaps? A soap is a water-soluble compound which is made via a process called saponification by the reaction between sodium hydroxide or Characteristics of Soap • Hardness – Harder soap which is a dense bar lasts longer. • Cleansing – The first reason the majority of people use soap is to get clean. A soap molecule consists of a chain of carbon atoms where one end of the chain attracts oil and the other attracts water. Soap should be balanced and not too much or too less of cleansing ingredient should be added. • Conditioner – Soap conditioners are referred to as emollients. Once you have washed your hands and what’s left behind on your skin after you rinse, depends on the type of soap a person uses. For instance, consider a person with dry skin, he/she should select a soap with moisturizing emollients that can prevent water evaporation. • Lather – Most people like soap which produces lather. The balance of bubbles and cleansing, soothing cream makes lather so satisfying. • Fragrance – It is an essential factor. Aromas evoke a unique combination of personal memory and enrich our daily life. Fragrances revitalize us, calm us, and most importantly mask our body odours. What is Detergent? Amphipathic molecules that contain charged hydrophilic or polar groups at the end of long lipophilic hydrocarbon groups are called detergents. The charged hydrophilic group is also called the head and the long l...

Soaps : • Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids. • Soaps have lesser cleansing action or quality as compared to detergents. • Soaps are made from animal or plant fats. • Soaps are more biodegradable. Detergents : • Detergents are ammonium or solphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. • Detergents have better cleansing action as compared to soaps. • Detergents are made from petrochemicals. Detergents are less biodegradable. (b) Hard water contains ions of calcium and magnesium which react with soap molecules to form insoluble precipitates called soap scum. You can also download Class 10 Science to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

The difference between the soap and the detergent The soaps are sodium or potassium salts of the long-chain molecules of carboxylic acids and detergents are sulphonic salts of long-chain molecules of carboxylic acids before we understand what is soap and detergent in detail we required to get the knowledge of what is saponification because it is the process used in manufacturing soap. Click for online shopping Saponification is the reaction between ester and sodium or potassium hydroxide producing alcohol and subsequent reaction of sodium or potassium salts of carboxylic acid which is known as soap. This process is completed in two steps. You can also study We need to understand the process of saponification before we study soap and detergent. The process of esterification is also involved in saponification. 1-Formation of the ester The reaction of alkanol(alcohol) and alkanoic acid(carboxylic acid) producing ester is known as esterification, the example is shown below. Ethanol + Ethanoic acid → Ester + water 2-Formation of alcohol: The ester so formed in the above reaction is treated with strong base NaOH or KOH produces alcohol and sodium or potassium salt of carboxylic acid. Ester + Sodium hydroxide → Ethyl alcohol + Sodium salt of carboxylic acid If this reaction occurs in the case when the long chain of alcohol( fatty alcohol) and the carboxylic acid is involved then the soap is produced which is used by us. Soap is two kinds one is derived from sodium hydroxide known...

• Engineering and Architecture • Computer Application and IT • Pharmacy • Hospitality and Tourism • Competition • School • Study Abroad • Arts, Commerce & Sciences • Management and Business Administration • Learn • Online Courses and Certifications • Medicine and Allied Sciences • Law • Animation and Design • Media, Mass Communication and Journalism • Finance & Accounts Soaps are composed of sodium potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids where as detergent are composed of sodium salt of benzene sulphonic acids. Action of soap in removing an oily spot from clothe. The dirt on clothes is organic in nature and it is insoluble in water. In removing oily spot from cloth only water is not enough. It can be removed by soap because when soap is dissolved in water, its hydrophobic ends attach themselves to the dirt and remove it from cloth. Soap does not work in hard water because hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions of sulphates, chlorides and carbonates which reacts with soap molecules to form a insoluble pacipitate called scum. Solution of problem : Hard water has presence of calcium and magnesium salts which could be removed by adding lime water. After reaction with time water calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxides are precipitated and we can obtained soft water.