Where are chromosomes found in a cell state their function

When a cell divides, one of its main jobs is to make sure that each of the two new cells gets a full, perfect copy of genetic material. Mistakes during copying, or unequal division of the genetic material between cells, can lead to cells that are unhealthy or dysfunctional (and may lead to diseases such as cancer). Physically speaking, DNA is a long string of paired chemical units (nucleotides) that come in four different types, abbreviated A, T, C, and G, and it carries information organized into units called genes. Genes typically provide instructions for making proteins, which give cells and organisms their functional characteristics. In eukaryotes such as plants and animals, the majority of DNA is found in the nucleus and is called nuclear DNA. Mitochondria, organelles that harvest energy for the cell, contain their own mitochondrial DNA, and chloroplasts, organelles that carry out photosynthesis in plant cells, also have chloroplast DNA. The amounts of DNA found in mitochondria and chloroplasts are much smaller than the amount found in the nucleus. In bacteria, most of the DNA is found in a central region of the cell called the nucleoid, which functions similarly to a nucleus but is not surrounded by a membrane. A cell’s set of DNA is called its genome. Since all of the cells in an organism (with a few exceptions) contain the same DNA, you can also say that an organism has its own genome, and since the members of a species typically have similar genomes, you can also ...

On the left is a circle representing an animal cell. The cell contains many cell parts with different shapes. A small bean-shaped cell part is labeled mitochondrion. A medium-sized circular cell part that has squiggly lines inside is labeled nucleus. The outermost part of the cell, which is shown as an outline of the cell, is labeled cell membrane. On the right is a four-sided figure with rounded corners that represents a plant cell. The cell contains many cell parts with different shapes. A small green oval with stacks of darker green ovals inside is labeled chloroplast. A medium-sized circle that has squiggly lines inside is labeled nucleus. The outermost part of the cell, which is shown as a thick outline of the figure, is labeled cell wall. A thinner layer just inside the cell wall is labeled cell membrane. A small bean-shaped cell part is labeled mitochondrion. Actually, you are partially wrong. Plant cells do indeed have chloroplasts while animal cells do not, but both types of cells have mitochondria. Animal cells have structures called lysosomes (which are basically organelles containing an extremely acidic fluid to break down objects) and centrosomes (used in cell reproduction). Plant cells have neither of these. Plant cells have cell walls that surround their cell membrane, and large central vacuoles that make the cell rigid. Animal cells have neither of these structures. Additionally, animal cells usually have an irregular shape, while plant cells are more recta...

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