Who discovered endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum: • Porter and Thompson discovered the endoplasmic reticulum in 1945. • Endoplasmic reticulum is a double membrane and has interconnected cisternae that run through the cytoplasm and has a tubular structure. • It is of two types- RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) and SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum). • It is found in all eukaryotic cells. It helps in transporting synthesized protein to the Golgi apparatus. • It also helps in the proper folding of the newly formed protein.

• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous • All eukaryotic cells contain an ER. • In animal cells, the ER usually constitutes more than half of the membranous content of the cell. • The ER can be classified in two functionally distinct forms: the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The proximity of the rough ER to the cell nucleus gives the ER unique control over protein processing. The rough ER is able to rapidly send signals to the nucleus when problems in protein synthesis and folding occur and thereby influences the overall rate of protein unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. The response is adaptive, such that UPR activation triggers reductions in protein synthesis and enhancements in ER protein-folding capacity and ER-associated protein Study the interdependence of a cell's nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus The highly Ernest Fullman, who produced the first electron micrograph of a cell. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Porter and colleagues Helen P. Thompson and Frances Kallman introduced the term endoplasmic reticulum to describe the