Zia ul haq

Mohammad Zia ul-Haq Mohammad Zia ul-Haq (1924-1988), an army officer, was president of Pakistan from 1978 until his death in an air crash that was a suspected assassination. He sustained a military government while strengthening Islamic institutions and practices. Mohammad Zia ul-Hag was born into a middle-class family on August 12, 1924, at Jullunder in East Pubjab, India. After completing his early education at home, he enrolled at St. Stephen's College in After the partition of India into India and Pakistan in 1947, Zia joined the Pakistani army. In 1955 he graduated from the Command Staff College in Quetta, where he later served as an instructor. He attended two military schools in the Leader of Coup Under the government of Prime Minister Z.A. Bhutto, Zia advanced rapidly within the army ranks. In 1975 he was promoted to lieutenant-general and in 1976 was appointed as army chief of staff, chosen over several more senior officers. Because the military had been so prominent in Pakistan's politics, Bhutto apparently wanted a less qualified officer with little political ambition as chief of staff. But Bhutto underestimated Zia. Accusations by opposition leaders that the Zia took office as chief Islamic Policies Bhutto's execution made Zia unpopular, the economy was in trouble, and in November 1979 Islamic extremists burned the American embassy in Islamabad. Zia's days seemed numbered, but on Christmas Eve 1979 the Zia continued to suppress political activity, saying the co...

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On Wednesday, Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan announced he would work together with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan to mobilise international opinion against Israel over the ongoing military operation in Gaza. Reporting on the telephonic conversation between the two leaders, The News International said, "the two leaders strongly condemned Israel's actions... saying that the attacks on civilians and the revered Al-Aqsa Mosque have violated all norms of humanity and international law". On Wednesday, Imran also tweeted his solidarity with Gaza and with Palestine. Pakistan has, over the decades, highlighted its commitment to the Palestinian cause. Pakistan's professions of support have, arguably, grown more vocal as India has expanded ties with Israel since the 1990s. However, there is one chapter in Palestinian history that Pakistan's leaders would be uncomfortable talking about: Events in Jordan in September 1970. The Palestinians refer to the period as 'Black September', when the Jordanian military launched an operation to expel militants of the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and other groups from the country. Why was the operation launched? The census in Jordan in 2015 stated the country had a population of about 9.5 million, of whom approximately 6.6 million were native Jordanians and 634,000 were Palestinian. However, global experts and human rights groups claim at least half of Jordan's population comprises Palestinians. The fear of Palestinians dest...

As he tried to restart his stalled car, the young military doctor would have heard the speech being delivered to the Muslim Railway Employees Association near Quetta railway station. Followers of the Ahmadi faith, a frenzied cleric was proclaiming, were blasphemers and heretics, who ought to be punished by death. Then, someone in the crowd noticed that Major Mahmood Ahmad had a short beard. The doctor’s body was found later, his one lung cut through and his guts carved out of his body. Like so many thousands after it, the murder on 11 August 1948—Pakistan’s very first blasphemy killing—remained unidentified and the case was filed untraced. There was, judges Muhammad Munir and MR Kayani acidly recorded in ghazis who were authors of this brave deed.” Also Read: As the 75th anniversary of Major Mahmood’s murder passes, unmentioned, unnoticed, the Pakistani state and Islamist groups continue to pursue his killers’ project. Last month, a 22-year-old Christian Noman Masih was The scholar Muhammad Nafees has shown how blasphemy Also Read: The politics of blasphemy Five years after Major Mahmood’s death, in 1953, massive anti-Ahmadi riots tore through Pakistan. Led by the right-wing Majlis-e-Ahrar, the protests marked a determined attempt by Pakistan’s clerics to take control of the political system. The collapse of the police in the face of anti-Ahmadi communal violence compelled the government to proclaim martial law for the first time. Even though the cler...

The Exhibiting an Islamic fundamentalism that had not been suspected, the Government, which displaced Mr Bhutto early last week, has issued a list of penalties for various crimes, marking a significant departure from the country’s British legal tradition. It is also an indication of the political colour of the new military rulers. The maximum punishments for crimes of banditry and theft is laid down as death by hanging, or amputation of the left hand. Following the Libyan example, the regulation humanely adds: “The amputation shall be done by a qualified surgeon under local anaesthesia, in public, or in gaol, as directed by the court.” Whether many Pakistani surgeons, brought up in Western medicine, will be ready to chop off the hands of fellow citizens remains to be seen. The ordinances, issued yesterday, also lay down a maximum punishment of five years’ imprisonment, or whipping, for student agitators; 10 years, or whipping, for insulting, or molesting, women; five years for the publication of political materials; five years, or whipping, for political activity of any kind; and death for sabotage, or for resisting the police, or armed forces in the course of their duties. Other punishments include forfeiture of all property and various fines. The heavier punishments can only be imposed by the higher military and civil courts, and all sentences of death, or amputation, are subject to review by General Zia ul-Haq as chief martial law administrator. In practice, the code ma...

• v • t • e During his reign, there was significant political and military repression in Pakistan. Among the complaints against the International geopolitics played a significant role in the state of human rights in Pakistan during this time. Political freedom [ ] 1977 to 1979 [ ] On July 5, 1977, the forces of Pakistan army swiftly moved to arrest the Prime Minister Public flogging of political prisoners was carried out by "bare-chested wrestlers" during the martial law era. Martial Law Regulation no.48 of October 1979 invoked a maximum penalty of 25 lashes for taking part in political activities. Movement for Restoration of Democracy [ ] In February, 1981 a coalition of eleven, primarily leftist, political parties led by On September 27, 1982, General Zia issued an executive decree, the Martial Law Regulation No. 53, allowing the death sentence as the prescribed punishment for "any offense liable to cause insecurity, fear or despondency amongst the public." Crimes punishable under this measure, which superseded civil law, included "any act with intent to impair the efficiency or impede the working" of, or cause damage to, public property or the smooth functioning of government. Another was abetting "in any manner whatsoever" the commission of such an offense. The regulation also prohibited the failure to inform the police or army of the "whereabouts or any other information about such a person." It also provided that "a military court on the basis of police or any other ...