Longitudinal strain is possible in the case of

This editorial relates to ‘Longitudinal strain is an independent predictor of survival and response to therapy in patients with systemic AL amyloidosis’, by O.C. Cohen et al., Over the last years, research on light-chain (AL) amyloidosis has focused on the search for variables able to detect and quantify cardiac and renal involvement, predict survival, and monitor disease progression and response to treatment, in terms of the plasma cell disorder and organ damage. 1 Finding reliable indicators of disease status becomes increasingly important given the growing number of therapeutic options. The place of longitudinal strain (LS) alterations in the natural history of amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. The three concentric circles report, from outside to inside, the mechanisms of cardiac damage, the main pathophysiological abnormalities, and the corresponding echocardiographic findings. The order of the pathophysiological abnormalities and echocardiographic findings broadly reflect the timing of their development. LS, longitudinal strain; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MAPSE, mitral anular plane systolic excursion; MCF, myocardial contraction fraction; NPs, natriuretic peptides; RFP, restrictive filling pattern; SV, stroke volume. In this issue of the European Heart Journal, Cohen et al. report the results of a detailed characterization of echocardiographic and haematology findings in 915 patients with AL amyloidosis [69% of whom had cardiac amyloidosis (CA)]. 2 ...

Learning objectives • To learn how to measure left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) and the factors that may influence its measurement. • To understand why LV GLS is an earlier marker of LV systolic dysfunction as compared with LV ejection fraction. • To learn other clinical applications of the use of speckle tracking echocardiography. Introduction Non-invasive evaluation of left ventricular (LV) systolic function by echocardiography remains one of the most pivotal measures in clinical cardiology. Although conventionally quantified by means of LV ejection fraction (LVEF), it has become evident that this parameter is subject to a number of limitations. LVEF can be normal in the presence of impaired LV systolic function, since it does not reflect intrinsic myocardial contractility. 1 In addition, LVEF is highly load-dependent and suffers from significant intraobserver and interobserver variability. 2 Assessment of myocardial strain can potentially overcome many of the limitations of LVEF in assessing LV systolic function. Speckle tracking echocardiography permits assessment of myocardial strain in three spatial directions (longitudinal, radial and circumferential) independent of the angle of insonation of the ultrasound beam. Longitudinal strain is probably the most frequent type of strain used to characterise LV systolic function in clinical practice. This review article focuses on the practical aspects of measuring LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), review...

Extract This editorial refers to ‘Link between myocardial deformation phenotyping using longitudinal and circumferential strain, and risk of incident heart failure and cardiovascular death’, by K.G. Skaarup et al., https://doi:10.1093/ehjci/jead075. Some data demonstrate that subtle impairments of systolic function are independently associated with incident heart failure (HF). 1 Over the past decade, we have been focusing on showing the value of global longitudinal strain (GLS) in different clinical settings 2 with the goal of demonstrating the complementary role of GLS to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Therefore, it is important to be convinced about the reproducibility of GLS. Also, it is, and it remains, important to ensure that the measurements can be made widely available and remain independent from the echo vendors. 3 GLS is getting more and more accepted by each passing day. There is still room for improvement, and automation of the measurements will help. 4 Accumulating evidence is justifying the use of GLS in clinical practice day by day. Get help with access Institutional access Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: IP based access Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically,...

Poisson's Ratio - Longitudinal Strain and Lateral Strain In mechanics, Poisson’s ratio is the negative of the ratio of transverse strain to lateral or axial strain. It is named after Siméon Poisson and is denoted by the Greek letter ‘nu’, It is the ratio of the amount of transversal expansion to the amount of axial compression for small values of these changes. Table of Contents: • • • • • What Is Poisson’s Ratio? Poisson’s ratio is “the ratio of transverse contraction strain to longitudinal extension strain in the direction of the stretching force.” Here, • Compressive deformation is considered negative • Tensile deformation is considered positive. Symbol Greek letter ‘nu’,ν Formula Poisson’s ratio = – Lateral strain / Longitudinal strain Range -1.0 to +0.5 Units Unitless quantity Scalar / Vector Scalar quantity Read More: Poisson’s Ratio Formula Imagine a piece of rubber, in the usual shape of a cuboid. Then imagine pulling it along the sides. What happens now? It will compress in the middle. If the original length and breadth of the rubber are taken as L and B respectively, then when pulled longitudinally, it tends to get compressed laterally. In simple words, length has increased by an amount dL and the breadth has increased by an amount dB. In this case, \(\begin \) where, ε t is the Lateral or Transverse Strain ε l is the Longitudinal or Axial Strain ν is Poisson’s Ratio The strain on its own is defined as the change in dimension (length, breadth, ...