Transmission delay does not depend on

To start with, Sr2Jr’s first step is to reduce the expenses related to education. To achieve this goal Sr2Jr organized the textbook’s question and answers. Sr2Jr is community based and need your support to fill the question and answers. The question and answers posted will be available free of cost to all. How long does it take a packet of length 1,000 bytes to propagate over a link of distance 2,500 km, propagation speed 2.5 *10^8 m/s, and transmission rate 2 Mbps? More generally, how long does it take a packet of length L to propagate over a link of distance d, propagation speed s, and transmission rate R bps? Does this delay depend on packet length? Does this delay depend on transmission rate?

My book defines queuing delay as the time the packet waits to be transmitted onto the link. It defines transmission delay as the amount of time required to push all of the packet's bits onto the link. It defines processing delay as "the time required to examine the packet’s header and determine where to direct the packet". I do not completely understand the difference. The first two sound very similar and processing delay sounds like it is part of one of the other two. Can anyone explain me the difference? There's some similarity. In the end, they all get bundled up into one big "delay" factor, but the size of the delays depends on different factors so it makes sense to break them apart. • Transmission delay is a delay based on how long it takes to send the signal down the transmission line. This includes costs like the time it takes for an EM signal (or other signal) to propagate from one side to the other. It also includes costs like training signals that are often put on the front of a packet to help the receiver synchronize clocks. The important factor to transmission delays is that the packet is in motion. Once the transmission period starts, bits have to keep appearing on the wire one after another, without unexpected delays. • Queuing delay is a delay based on how long the packet has to sit around in the router. Quite often the wire is busy, so we can't transmit a packet immediately. In these cases, the packet sits, ready to go, in a queue. These delays are almost e...

• Login • Category • Java • JSP • iOS • HTML • Android • Python • C Programming • C++ Programming • C# • PHP • CSS • Javascript • jQuery • SAP • SAP HANA • Data Structure • RDBMS • MySQL • Mathematics • 8085 Microprocessor • Operating System • Digital Electronics • Analysis of Algorithms • Mobile Development • Front End • Web Development • Selenium • MongoDB • Computer Network • General Topics Network delay is defined as how much time will take a bit of data to travel from one node to another node. Network delay can be divided into following ways − • Transmission delay • Propagation delay Let us learn about both of them in detail. Transmission delay It is the time required to put a packet’s bit (or data bits) on the transmission medium that can be wired or wireless. Transmission delay depends on the length of the packet and bandwidth of the network. Transmission delay can be calculated as follows − Transmission delay = Packet size / bandwidth packet Destination Data line ( 1 bit per second) Example We have 12,000 bits Ethernet packet being sent out on a 100mbps = 100 * 106 bps link. So the transmission delay can be calculated as − 12000/100*106 = 0.12 milliseconds Or Consider, bandwidth of data line = 1 bit per second Length of package = 10 bit Transmission delay = 10/1= 10 seconds. Propagation delay It is the time required for bits to reach its destination from the start point. A propagation delay depends on the distance and propagation speed. Consider a sender S and a re...

It's a component, but in most WAN situations it's the smallest contributor. Assume a 100 Mbit/s link speed and a 1500 byte packet. Serialisation delay is 1500 bytes x 8 bits/byte / 100,000,000 bits per second = .00012s. Many servers do process switching 1000 times per second. This means a processing delay of 1ms (0.001s) is common, or eight times as long as the delay from packet length. Speed of light in fibre is approximately 200,000 km/s, so the packet transmission delay matches 24km of length, and the processing delay is equivalent to 200 km. Unless you're talking to a data centre in your local city, speed of light delay is typically the largest factor. There are several delays: • propagation delay = distance / wave propagation velocity (D/V) • serialization delay = packet length / bitrate (L/R) • processing delay = device dependent • access delay (only for shared/multiple-access media) = depends on access method (CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA) and channel load Add them together for total delay. Thanks for contributing an answer to Network Engineering Stack Exchange! • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research! But avoid … • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. To learn more, see our

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In terms of networking, a Further, the delay or latency can be defined as the time taken by the entire message/packet to reach its destination after the initial bit is sent out from the source. It is an important metric to measure network performance. The delay of a packet is calculated by adding the following four components: propagation delay, transmission delay, queuing delay, and processing delay. This article discusses propagation delay and transmission delay as these are harder to calculate than the other two delays. 2. Propagation Delay First, the sender and receiver are separated by two links and a single , and each link introduces a propagation delay of . Let’s assume that the switch begins forwarding immediately after it has received the last bit of the packet and the For each link, the time to transmit the packet on the link is , after which it takes an additional for the last bit to propagate across the link. Thus, with only one switch that starts forwarding only after receiving the whole packet, the total transfer delay is two transmission delays and two propagation delays: . Now, let’s see another scenario with three switches and four links, as shown in the figure below, what will be the delay? For three switches and thus four links, the total delay is four transmission delays and four propagation delays: . 4.2. Problem 2 Next, let’s see to another problem where two hosts are connected via a packet switch with links. Each link has a propagation delay of . The...