Write the name of biodegradable polyamide copolymer.

Biodegradable Synthetic Polymer The class of synthetic biodegradable polymers most widely studied for bone applications is the polyesters poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), all of which have their own advantages and disadvantages when used in bone applications (see Table 5.1). From: Biomedical Composites (Second Edition), 2017 Related terms: • Tissue Engineering • Nanoparticles • Chitosan • Starch • Hydrogel • Grafts • Polyesters • Caprolactone • Degradation Rate Polymers in Biology and Medicine N. Murthy, ... J.C. Sy, in Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 2012 Abstract Synthetic biodegradable polymers are widely used in medicine and biology and are essential components of drug delivery vehicles, tissue engineering scaffolds, and biomedical devices. There is, therefore, great interest in designing new synthetic biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications. A key property that controls the function and effectiveness of biomedical polymers is their rate of degradation. In this review article, we will describe the physical and chemical mechanisms by which the major classes of biomedical polymers degrade. In particular, the hydrolysis of polyesters, polyanhydrides, polyorthoesters, and polyketals is discussed. The hydrolysis of these polymers by water is described, and the factors that influence their water hydrolysis rates are also discussed, such as catalysis of hydrolysis ...

Introduction Various bioresorbable and bioerodible materials have been investigated for medical applications such as sutures, drug delivery devices, and orthopedic fixation devices [1]. Polyamides may especially be very useful for medical purposes, because of their biodegradability, safety, and good mechanical strength [2]. Poly(α- or β-amino)acids are biodegradable, however they show high melting points, low solubility, and little variety of their properties [3]. Although Nylon 6,6 or poly(ε-caprolactam) has good mechanical strength, it shows low biodegradability, and has a high melting point. Therefore, we have designed safe and highly functional polyamides that have proper biodegradability, from α-amino acids, succinic acid, and ethylenediamine. However, it is generally difficult to synthesize poly(α- and β-) amides. The polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA)-derivatives of α-amino acids is highly sensitive to contaminants, such as water and amines, and highly toxic reagents are required for the synthesis of the NCA monomers. Polymerization using acyl chloride derivatives is also highly sensitive to contaminants, and produces toxic substances. Polymerization using active esters of α-amino acids [4], [5], [6], [7], and polycondensation of γ-glutamic acid using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC·HCl) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) [8] have been reported. Initially, we synthesized polyamides containing sarcosine, by polycondensation of succinylsarc...

* Corresponding authors a Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail: b Coal Chemical R&D Center, Kailuan Group, Tangshan, Hebei 063611, China c College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China E-mail: Abstract We present here the synthesis of all polyester-based poly(butylene terephthalate)- block-poly(ethylene adipate) segmental multiblock copolymers (mBCPs), (PBT- b-PEA- b-PBT) n, via a cascade polycondensation-coupling ring-opening polymerization (PROP) method using cyclic oligo(butylene terephthalate)s (COBTs) as monomers and polyethylene adipate (PEA) diol as the macroinitiator. The structure of copolyesters was characterized by 1H quantitative NMR and 1H– 1H gCOSY NMR spectroscopy, which reveals the randomly distributed copolyester segments in the main chains as the degree of randomness is equal to 1, arising from the transesterifications during PROP. Further investigations reveal that these segmental multiblock copolymers are elastomers with controlled properties, where the melting point, glass transition temperature ( T g), storage modulus, ratio of the loss modulus to the storage modulus (tan δ) and Young's modulus increase with the increment of the feeding content of COBTs, while the extensibility and biodegradable property decrease vice versa. The developed cascade polymerization method leads to the practical synthesis of environmentally-friendly biodegradable all p...

Biodegradable Synthetic Polymer The class of synthetic biodegradable polymers most widely studied for bone applications is the polyesters poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), all of which have their own advantages and disadvantages when used in bone applications (see Table 5.1). From: Biomedical Composites (Second Edition), 2017 Related terms: • Tissue Engineering • Nanoparticles • Chitosan • Starch • Hydrogel • Grafts • Polyesters • Caprolactone • Degradation Rate Polymers in Biology and Medicine N. Murthy, ... J.C. Sy, in Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 2012 Abstract Synthetic biodegradable polymers are widely used in medicine and biology and are essential components of drug delivery vehicles, tissue engineering scaffolds, and biomedical devices. There is, therefore, great interest in designing new synthetic biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications. A key property that controls the function and effectiveness of biomedical polymers is their rate of degradation. In this review article, we will describe the physical and chemical mechanisms by which the major classes of biomedical polymers degrade. In particular, the hydrolysis of polyesters, polyanhydrides, polyorthoesters, and polyketals is discussed. The hydrolysis of these polymers by water is described, and the factors that influence their water hydrolysis rates are also discussed, such as catalysis of hydrolysis ...

* Corresponding authors a Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail: b Coal Chemical R&D Center, Kailuan Group, Tangshan, Hebei 063611, China c College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China E-mail: Abstract We present here the synthesis of all polyester-based poly(butylene terephthalate)- block-poly(ethylene adipate) segmental multiblock copolymers (mBCPs), (PBT- b-PEA- b-PBT) n, via a cascade polycondensation-coupling ring-opening polymerization (PROP) method using cyclic oligo(butylene terephthalate)s (COBTs) as monomers and polyethylene adipate (PEA) diol as the macroinitiator. The structure of copolyesters was characterized by 1H quantitative NMR and 1H– 1H gCOSY NMR spectroscopy, which reveals the randomly distributed copolyester segments in the main chains as the degree of randomness is equal to 1, arising from the transesterifications during PROP. Further investigations reveal that these segmental multiblock copolymers are elastomers with controlled properties, where the melting point, glass transition temperature ( T g), storage modulus, ratio of the loss modulus to the storage modulus (tan δ) and Young's modulus increase with the increment of the feeding content of COBTs, while the extensibility and biodegradable property decrease vice versa. The developed cascade polymerization method leads to the practical synthesis of environmentally-friendly biodegradable all p...

Introduction Various bioresorbable and bioerodible materials have been investigated for medical applications such as sutures, drug delivery devices, and orthopedic fixation devices [1]. Polyamides may especially be very useful for medical purposes, because of their biodegradability, safety, and good mechanical strength [2]. Poly(α- or β-amino)acids are biodegradable, however they show high melting points, low solubility, and little variety of their properties [3]. Although Nylon 6,6 or poly(ε-caprolactam) has good mechanical strength, it shows low biodegradability, and has a high melting point. Therefore, we have designed safe and highly functional polyamides that have proper biodegradability, from α-amino acids, succinic acid, and ethylenediamine. However, it is generally difficult to synthesize poly(α- and β-) amides. The polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA)-derivatives of α-amino acids is highly sensitive to contaminants, such as water and amines, and highly toxic reagents are required for the synthesis of the NCA monomers. Polymerization using acyl chloride derivatives is also highly sensitive to contaminants, and produces toxic substances. Polymerization using active esters of α-amino acids [4], [5], [6], [7], and polycondensation of γ-glutamic acid using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC·HCl) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) [8] have been reported. Initially, we synthesized polyamides containing sarcosine, by polycondensation of succinylsarc...

Biodegradable Synthetic Polymer The class of synthetic biodegradable polymers most widely studied for bone applications is the polyesters poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), all of which have their own advantages and disadvantages when used in bone applications (see Table 5.1). From: Biomedical Composites (Second Edition), 2017 Related terms: • Tissue Engineering • Nanoparticles • Chitosan • Starch • Hydrogel • Grafts • Polyesters • Caprolactone • Degradation Rate Polymers in Biology and Medicine N. Murthy, ... J.C. Sy, in Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 2012 Abstract Synthetic biodegradable polymers are widely used in medicine and biology and are essential components of drug delivery vehicles, tissue engineering scaffolds, and biomedical devices. There is, therefore, great interest in designing new synthetic biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications. A key property that controls the function and effectiveness of biomedical polymers is their rate of degradation. In this review article, we will describe the physical and chemical mechanisms by which the major classes of biomedical polymers degrade. In particular, the hydrolysis of polyesters, polyanhydrides, polyorthoesters, and polyketals is discussed. The hydrolysis of these polymers by water is described, and the factors that influence their water hydrolysis rates are also discussed, such as catalysis of hydrolysis ...

Introduction Various bioresorbable and bioerodible materials have been investigated for medical applications such as sutures, drug delivery devices, and orthopedic fixation devices [1]. Polyamides may especially be very useful for medical purposes, because of their biodegradability, safety, and good mechanical strength [2]. Poly(α- or β-amino)acids are biodegradable, however they show high melting points, low solubility, and little variety of their properties [3]. Although Nylon 6,6 or poly(ε-caprolactam) has good mechanical strength, it shows low biodegradability, and has a high melting point. Therefore, we have designed safe and highly functional polyamides that have proper biodegradability, from α-amino acids, succinic acid, and ethylenediamine. However, it is generally difficult to synthesize poly(α- and β-) amides. The polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA)-derivatives of α-amino acids is highly sensitive to contaminants, such as water and amines, and highly toxic reagents are required for the synthesis of the NCA monomers. Polymerization using acyl chloride derivatives is also highly sensitive to contaminants, and produces toxic substances. Polymerization using active esters of α-amino acids [4], [5], [6], [7], and polycondensation of γ-glutamic acid using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC·HCl) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) [8] have been reported. Initially, we synthesized polyamides containing sarcosine, by polycondensation of succinylsarc...

* Corresponding authors a Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail: b Coal Chemical R&D Center, Kailuan Group, Tangshan, Hebei 063611, China c College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China E-mail: Abstract We present here the synthesis of all polyester-based poly(butylene terephthalate)- block-poly(ethylene adipate) segmental multiblock copolymers (mBCPs), (PBT- b-PEA- b-PBT) n, via a cascade polycondensation-coupling ring-opening polymerization (PROP) method using cyclic oligo(butylene terephthalate)s (COBTs) as monomers and polyethylene adipate (PEA) diol as the macroinitiator. The structure of copolyesters was characterized by 1H quantitative NMR and 1H– 1H gCOSY NMR spectroscopy, which reveals the randomly distributed copolyester segments in the main chains as the degree of randomness is equal to 1, arising from the transesterifications during PROP. Further investigations reveal that these segmental multiblock copolymers are elastomers with controlled properties, where the melting point, glass transition temperature ( T g), storage modulus, ratio of the loss modulus to the storage modulus (tan δ) and Young's modulus increase with the increment of the feeding content of COBTs, while the extensibility and biodegradable property decrease vice versa. The developed cascade polymerization method leads to the practical synthesis of environmentally-friendly biodegradable all p...

Biodegradable Synthetic Polymer The class of synthetic biodegradable polymers most widely studied for bone applications is the polyesters poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), all of which have their own advantages and disadvantages when used in bone applications (see Table 5.1). From: Biomedical Composites (Second Edition), 2017 Related terms: • Tissue Engineering • Nanoparticles • Chitosan • Starch • Hydrogel • Grafts • Polyesters • Caprolactone • Degradation Rate Polymers in Biology and Medicine N. Murthy, ... J.C. Sy, in Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 2012 Abstract Synthetic biodegradable polymers are widely used in medicine and biology and are essential components of drug delivery vehicles, tissue engineering scaffolds, and biomedical devices. There is, therefore, great interest in designing new synthetic biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications. A key property that controls the function and effectiveness of biomedical polymers is their rate of degradation. In this review article, we will describe the physical and chemical mechanisms by which the major classes of biomedical polymers degrade. In particular, the hydrolysis of polyesters, polyanhydrides, polyorthoesters, and polyketals is discussed. The hydrolysis of these polymers by water is described, and the factors that influence their water hydrolysis rates are also discussed, such as catalysis of hydrolysis ...