Kingdom fungi class 11

Class 11 Biology chapter 2 notes will teach you about the diversity of living beings and the animal world. Biological classification Class 11 notes will help you understand how living beings are biologically categorized. The main topics covered in Class 11 Biological classification notes are Five Kingdom Classification (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia), viruses, viroids and lichens. Aristotle was the first to propose the biological classification of plants and animals based on simple morphological characteristics. Table of contents All living organisms were later divided into two kingdoms by Linnaeus: Plantae and Animalia. Whittaker proposed a five-kingdom classification: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Also, students can refer, • • NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Notes NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification Notes-Topic 1: Introduction: A Two Kingdom system of classification was developed during Linnaeus' time, with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms encompassing all plants and animals, respectively. This system grouped together eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular creatures, photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi) species. Although classifying organisms into plants and animals was simple and straightforward, There were a lot of species that didn't fit into either group. As a result, the two-kingdom classification, which had been in use for a long time, was determined to be inadequate. F...

Mycota(Fungi): About 1, 00,000 species have been reported. General character: - They are cosmopolitan in distribution. - Their vegetative body is tubular filamentous and branched known as hyphae. The mass of hyphae is known as mycelium but some species are unicellular, e.g. Mucor, yeast. - Their cell wall is made up of chitin fungal cellulose. - Reserve food materials are glycogen, lipid and volutin granules. - Reproduction takes place by vegetative, asexual and sexual method. - Due to the lack of chlorophyll they can’t prepared their own food. So, they show heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Reproduction in Mycota (Fungi) Reproduction takes place by three method. 1. Vegetative: It reproduce by fragmentation, budding and fission. 2. Asexual: Asexual reproduction takes place by the formation of motile spore known as zoospore. 3. Sexual: Sexual reproduction takes place by the fusion of male and female gamete or fusion of two opposite strain like +ve and –ve strain. It takes place by following steps. a) Plasmogamy: Fusion of protoplasm. b) Karyogame: fusion of nucleus to form diploip cell or Zygote. c) Meiosis: The diploid cell or zygote under goes reproduction division to form four haploid cell. Classification of fungi: Based on reproduction structure and life cycle patterns fungi are, 1. Phycomycetes: - They have comparatively simple thallus, may be unicellular or filamentous. Filamentous body of fungi is known as hypha. Hypha is aseptate and coenocytic. - They may be aquatic...

1. Non-green, unicellular/multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic and saprophytic organisms. 2. Has the presence of cell wall which is made up of chitin. 3. Most of them are made up of thread like hyphae rather than cells. 4. Reproduction in fungi is both by sexual and asexual means. 5. For example, yeast, moulds, mushrooms. Most common moulds (fungi) are Aspergillus and Penicillium. Deuteromycota • Their lack of sexual stages was the basis for them being called fungi imperfecti in the past. • Most Deuteromycota have only asexual reproduction as the sexual stage of the life cycle has been lost or has yet to be discovered. • There are a great number of human uses for these fungi; most significant is the production of antibiotics for medicinal use. These substances are produced by the fungus to inhibit the growth of other living organisms around themin particular, disease-causing bacteria. These substances are extracted from the fungus and are used to kill bacteria in the human body. • Economically important imperfect fungi are Penicillium and Aspergillus. Basidiomycota • The fungal group Basidiomycota, also known as the club fungi, includes some of the most familiar fungi. • Basidiomycetes play a key role in the environment as decomposers of plant litter. They are distinguished from other fungi by their production of basidiospores, which are borne outside a club-shaped, spore-producing structure called a basidium. These spores rarely germinate or mature. • For example, Aga...

Introduction to Kingdom Fungi Fungus is derived from the Latin term for mushroom. Many types of fungi use the familiar mushroom which is a reproductive organ. On the other hand, many fungi species do not produce mushrooms at all. A typical fungal cell has a functional nucleus and several membrane-bound vesicles, as it is a eukaryote. The Ascomycota or natural Fungi, are a unique bunch of living organisms that belong to the kingdom Fungi. The K ingdom Fungi belongs to the Eukarya realm and encompasses edible mushrooms, yeasts, black mould and Penicillium notatum, the manufacturer of the antibiotic penicillin. The kingdom fungi includes black dots on dry bread, yeast, white patches on mushrooms and mustard leaves. Fungi are unique from other kingdoms in their cell walls, such as bacteria, plants and a few protists. Fungi can only multiply and flourish in damp, humid environments. Although fungi are usually terrestrial organisms, they can be found in freshwater and marine water. Structure Fungi are eukaryotic organisms with non-vascular, spore-bearing, nucleated cell walls and bodies made up of long fine-branched strands. Except for unicellular yeasts, fungi are filamentous. The fungi structure comprises spores, food sources, sporangium and hyphae. In terms of a definite structure: • Fungi lives in a damp, acidic environment and may grow in the absence of light or oxygen • The nucleus in fungi is thick and includes chromatin strands • Fungi can be unicellular, multicellular o...

This Blog Includes: • • • • • • • • • • • Class 11 Biological Classification Overview The identification of characteristics among living organisms and grouping them on the basis of their features is called biological classification. The study of the classification of living organisms is important because it assists us: • To study only one or two organisms under each classified category to learn about the common features of the group. In the absence of classification, it would become impossible to study each and every organism by itself. • To understand the origin and evolution of the classified species. • To know the correlation between various groups of organisms. • To identify new organisms and classify them easily. Biology Project for Class 11 History of Biological Classification Aristotle was the first person to explore the classification of animals. His process of classification was based on mere observation of morphological characteristics among animals. The two major groups were formed based on whether the organism had red-blood cells or did not have any red blood cells. Carolus Linnaeus introduced the Two Kingdom system of classification, namely; Plantae Kingdom and the Animalia Kingdom. This classification made it easy to classify plants and animals. However, there were some organisms that did not fit either of these categories. R.H. Whittaker proposed the division of organisms into five main kingdoms, namely, Kingdom Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae...